Local Area Networks :: essays research papers

LANs: Local Area Networks Neighborhood additionally called LANs have been a significant player in industrialization of PCs. In the previous 20 or so years the universes business has be attacked with new PC innovation. It has had such an effect in transit we work together that it has gotten basic with an ever-developing requirement for development. LANs enable a business to impart data between PCs to a basic generally modest arrangement of system cards and programming. It additionally lets the client or clients share equipment, for example, Printers and scanners. The speed of access between the PCs is lighting quick in light of the fact that the information has a short separation to cover. By and large a LAN just possesses one or a gathering of structures situated close to one another. For bigger territory need there are a few different sorts of systems, for example, the Internet.      LANs frameworks can be characterized and associated from multiple points of view. This is the purpose behind the normalization for each one can have a shared view to begin from. â€Å"The LANs portrayed Herein are recognized from different sorts of information organizes in that they are streamlined for a moderate size geographic zone, for example, a solitary place of business, distribution center, or a grounds. The IEEE 802 LAN is a mutual medium distributed correspondences organize that communicates data for all stations to get. As a result, it doesn't intrinsically give protection. The LAN empowers stations to impart straightforwardly utilizing a typical physical medium on a point-to-point premise with no middle of the road exchanging hub being required. There is consistently requirement for an entrance sublayer so as to parley to access to the mutual medium. The system is commonly claimed, utilized, and worked by a solitary association. This is as opposed to Wide A rea Networks (WANs) that interconnect correspondence offices in various pieces of a nation or are utilized as an open utility. These LANs are likewise unique in relation to systems, for example, backplane transports, that are improved for the interconnection of gadgets on a work area or segments inside a solitary bit of equipment.†(IEEE 802 Standard 1990) That is the standard definition for LANs by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer board of trustees 802. They are the advisory group used to set the standard in workmanship and activities for specialists that set-up and perform upkeep on LANs frameworks. What's more, through all the specialized words what they are attempting to state is a LAN is a little territory organize that circulates data among PC in a little workplace not at all like WANs that convey data across worldwide zones.

Wal-Mart Essay Example for Free

Wal-Mart Essay This paper will concentrate on a change activity for Wal-Mart. Next, this paper will dissect how this change will affect the individuals, items, and procedures. At that point this paper will concentrate on the individuals partition, and give suggestions to situate this change activity in a way that outcomes in superior. At long last this paper will close with a synopsis of how the prescribed way to deal with the change activity will bring about authoritative greatness. A company’s picture is significant. It shows how an organization is seen all in all. Wal-Mart has gotten a terrible notoriety, and numerous buyers have quit shopping there in light of this picture. The change activity will be to change consumer’s picture of Wal-Mart. The open discernment can truly influence a company’s benefit. As indicated by Margot and Rachel (2011), A 2006 promoting report by Walmart’s then-publicizing office portrayed the public’s perspective on Walmart as that of a â€Å"bad corporate resident who doesn’t treat representatives well and isn’t going about as a productive member of society of the planet† (p. 62). To change Wal-Mart’s Image they should change employee’s compensation, increment staffing or don’t cut hours, and change the climate. The primary change that necessities to happen is representative wages. Wal-Mart needs to take a gander at the typical cost for basic items in every network where they are found, and pay a serious pay. Costco pays its representatives a serious pay, and their benefits have expanded. Ungar (2013) states the accompanying: In an indistinguishable economy, how would we clarify Costco’s development opposite the disappointments over at Walmart? Here’s an insane thoughtâ€might it have something to do with the way that Costco pays almost the entirety of its representatives a fair living (admirably in overabundance of the lowest pay permitted by law) while Wal-Mart keeps on paying its laborers as though their workers don’t really need to eat more than once per week, live in an encased space and, now and again, take their children to see a specialist (para. 3). In the event that Wal-Mart paid its workers all the more how might it sway the individuals, procedures, and items and administrations? The effect on the individuals would be certain not exclusively to the workers, however the buyers too. It would raise representative spirit. At the point when one goes to Wal-Mart now, one can advise the workers don’t need to be there, and it’s elusive somebody to help. I have heard workers really state, â€Å"They don’t pay me enough to support these individuals. † Ungar (2013) summarizes it best about worker mentalities by expressing, â€Å"and with those on location being paid a compensation so low that it is hard to anticipate much in the method of pride or motivation† (para. 6). On the off chance that the representatives got paid a serious pay it would propel the workers to invest heavily in their employments. This would prompt better client care for the buyer. So one might say it would not exclusively be certain effect for the individuals, yet would be incredible for Wal-Mart forms with respect to the client. The effect on the items and administrations would be the representatives would invest heavily to address any inquiries on these things and different administrations. Likewise, Wal-Mart can raise compensation without raising costs on items. As per Bivens (2006) express the accompanying: Wal-Mart could raise wages and advantages altogether without raising costs, yet still win a sound benefit. For instance, while as yet keeping up a net revenue practically half more prominent than Costco, a key contender, Wal-Mart could have raised the wages and advantages of every one of its non-administrative representatives in 2005 by more than $2,000 without raising costs a penny (para. 3). Wal-Mart would not have to raise costs. There would be no effect on the items, or the customers, or the procedure of ordinary low costs. In addition, it would be a stage in expanding their open picture. The following change increment staffing or lessen cutting hours is another progression in correcting their picture. Wal-Mart presently has more stores working and insufficient staff to run them. So what do they do? They cut the representatives working hours. The effect is negative for the buyers, their administrations, and the items. Ungar (2013) states the accompanying: Without enough representatives to get the essential work of a retail activity done†¦Wal-Mart stock stays stacked on beds in the distribution center as opposed to causing it to the floor where clients to can discover the items they need. Simultaneously, registration lines are horrendously long and irritating as the general shopping experience keeps on falling apart. One is left to ponder about the estimation of offering items at a lower cost if those items are not on the racks when the client needs to get them (para. 4). So the effect on the individuals, procedures, and item and administrations would be certain. The representatives would be more joyful in light of the fact that they would have enough staff, and hours to complete the work. The shoppers would be more joyful in light of the fact that the item on the racks, and enough representatives not to need to remain in long queues. The items and administrations would be better on the grounds that there would things on the racks, and workers ready to support the client. The last change would be the environment. Wal-Mart’s environment is certifiably not a positive one. At the point when one looks via web-based networking media or audits of Wal-Mart there’s a specific low class topic. At the point when one goes to Wal-Mart sees trucks everywhere throughout the parking garage. Representatives outside smoking or cussing at the tables they set up for them. A portion of the kinds of shoppers who go there can be impolite, and merciless to different purchasers. Generally, it’s not an extraordinary shopping experience. As indicated by City Data. com (2008) the obscure creator expresses the accompanying: From the errant trucks tossed about the parking garage to the groups of workers smoking in little assigned regions outside the structure, to hearing a greater number of dialects than I can tally, to hearing foulness, to seeing ladies more youthful than myself (Im 22) yammering into phones while toting around numerous shouting kids, I simply get a terrible vibe from that place. I understand you get what you pay for, however I additionally discover great arrangements at Target and see it as a considerably more pleasurable shopping experience. I saw exactly how low-class numerous Wal-Mart customers were the point at which we learned of the stomping on death of that Wal-Mart representative on Long Island this past Friday and exactly what number of created a further uproar when told the store would be shutting briefly to evacuate the keeps an eye on body (para. 3). The progressions Wal-Mart would need to make to their environment would support their open picture. The principal thing is moving the worker split region away from the customers’ see. Nobody needs to see the workers smoking. They could move it to the rear of the store where there are no clients. Particularly, when individuals are attempting to forbid smoking from open zones; this conveys an awful picture. The effect will be certain to the purchasers it will give them a superior view when strolling into Wal-Mart. The effect on the workers may not all be certain. They may like where they take breaks, and despise the reality they need to go in the back where trucks empty items. They possibly sway on items would be if the workers hindered the trucks that are conveying the items; so this could be a negative as well. The procedure would not so much be affected except if the workers sneak off to the back to smoke when it’s not their typical break time. This could be fathomed by placing a camera in the break region. The following change should be the trucks. They have to have somebody out in that parking garage staying aware of those trucks. Wal-Mart is awful for having trucks all over. Numerous individuals don't shop there in dread of a truck hitting their vehicle. This would be a constructive effect for the individuals, item and administrations. The individuals will see that Wal-Mart invests heavily in their appearance. This would let to more items and administrations being sold in light of the fact that individuals would come to Wal-Mart more on the off chance that they didn’t need to fear their vehicles being hit by a truck. There would be an effect on the procedure. The procedure presently doesn't work on the grounds that the trucks are not being gotten. The procedure would need to change for the representatives, and some may not need the procedure to change so this could affect the workers. The representatives may think the way toward getting the trucks isn't down and out, and may not help out the changes. The last change would be towards the customer. Wal-Mart endures awful practices in there store from shoppers. This has lead to an awful situation to shop in. Wal-Mart needs to address the clients that are wild in their store. Spots like Target or JcPenney would not endure clients annoying different clients; they would be approached to leave. Wal-Mart ought to receive this equivalent sort of mindset. This would require a procedure change, and a few workers may not feel great managing discourteous clients. Wal-Mart may need to make a situation to deal with these sorts of clients. The effect might be negative to the representatives if this change isn't taken care of right. The effect for the buyers would be certain. They can go out on the town to shop in a decent air without the concern of managing other impolite shoppers. The individuals would know it won’t be endured in a spot like Wal-Mart. This is the sort of picture Wal-Mart needs to have. The items and administrations might be affected from the outset on the grounds that the loss of the discourteous purchasers, yet once word gets out Wal-Mart will pull in more buyers. The progressions that Wal-Mart would need to have would effect individuals. This part will give proposals to situate this change activity in a way that outcomes in elite. In all of these progressions there will be a few people who will need to oppose this change. The best approach to defeat this obstruction is by tolerating this is a piece of the procedure. It might be disappointing, however this is a piece of progress. Tune in to what they need to state, and attempt to understan

Social Media Brand Community and Consumer

Question: Talk about the Social Media Brand Community and Consumer. Answer: Presentation The primary motivation behind this report is to give an away from about the buy conduct of a buyer at the hour of buying a Galaxy Note telephone made by Samsung.Samsung is an exceptionally respectable and driving brand in the field of Android telephones. Much the same as other android telephones inside the market, the organization additionally offers some inventive and one of a kind highlights in their items like Galaxy Note. It gives a big screen size showcase to their buyers by the assistance of which the corporate individuals or the board understudies can without much of a stretch ready to make an introduction and this telephone likewise have improved innovation which moves their buyers to buy this item (Minnema et al., 2016). By the assistance of this report, anyone can ready to comprehend the five phases of the dynamic procedure about customer buy conduct of Galaxy Note. Need acknowledgment The procedure of shopper conduct is for the most part begun by distinguishing the necessities and issues of a buyer at the hour of buying that specific item. The individuals who for the most part need to utilize cell phones and furthermore need to appreciate the office of an android telephone and PC all the while should take an underlying choice to buy Galaxy Note. In any case, android telephones are a type of an individual definition. The acquisition of an android telephone by a shopper might be activated by their own needs, for example, the utilization of the web inside their telephones, can without much of a stretch change cash or some other things through online offices, and so on. There likewise have some other extra triggers which impact the buyers about their own needs and real needs with respect to this specific item (Shen et al., 2012). A purchaser has a desire to buy a marked android telephone, for example, Galaxy Note since it has the uncommon highlights in examination with the different cell phones of same value run (Solomon, 2014). As a matter of fact, the elements like affected by the companions and others who have Galaxy Note and a type of self-translation may trigger a purchaser to buy that specific item. All things considered, the customers face an issue with respect to the reasoning that they can't fulfill the social guidelines of their companions, so they imagine that perhaps they can't buy that specific item. As per purchasers Black Box Theory, such components like social elements, social settings, and individual elements can influence the shopper mind at the hour of buying that item. Data search In the wake of recognizing the requirement for an android telephone, the buyer has gone into the subsequent stage and begin to search for a reasonable item. In this stage, the shopper began to give more enthusiasm for the promoting data about that item and the criticism or data which is accumulated from their companions and others who have as of now utilize this specific item (Zhang Breugelmans, 2012). Notwithstanding, when the purchaser need to buy a dependable and unrivaled android telephone which has a significant expense instead of an ordinary telephone, at that point the shoppers gather a detail data about that specific item through different techniques Web looking Taking criticism from their companions who have as of now utilize that item Visiting different retail locations and assemble information from the ads and showcasing people on that retail locations From this pursuit, the buyer can ready to get some data and information about that specific item, for example, Sorts of shade Reasonableness (contingent upon their societal position and salary) The store from where they should buy the item Detail information and criticism about the brand and their items Elective assessment After the data search stage, the shopper currently went into the phase of elective assessment. In this stage, the customer before buying the item should analyze the comparative items from different brands (Siddiqui Arabia, 2015). The shoppers who are faithful to the brands should avoid this stage and legitimately bounce to next stage that is the phase of the buy choice. Notwithstanding, when the shoppers buy a significant expense item, at that point for the most part they likewise think about some elective items. The buyer has numerous approaches to assess an item. This factor thoroughly relies upon the necessities of a purchaser. By the assistance of the purchaser's Black Box Theory, it can comprehend that in what capacity should the need of a shopper influence the dynamic procedure for each brand and item (Goh et al., 2013). On account of Galaxy Note telephone, the organization offered a quality item to their buyers which have some imaginative highlights which are not offered by contenders. In this Galaxy Note telephone, the organization gives a major size screen which is in vogue as per the ongoing days and furthermore gives some other inventive highlights of amusement, huge RAM size, and so on. In any case, on the off chance that these highlights can ready to pull in the shoppers, at that point the choice of elective assessment ought to get overlooked (Sparks et al., 2013). The customers likewise assess different results of a similar brand. Buy choice In the ongoing days, Samsung is the main brand who additionally possesses the market of Apple in the field of android telephones. The shoppers who as of now have an enthusiasm on Galaxy Note telephones are generally impacted by the promotions and the mentalities of their companions and others. As per those individuals, the Samsung brand consistently gives classy, creative, trendy and unmistakable item to their customers. The buy conduct of a customer is generally impacted by two variables Demeanor of their companions or others Some unforeseen situational factors, for example, unexpectedly the cost of that item are lessen On account of Galaxy Note telephone, the disposition of their companions or others assumes a most significant job at the hour of settling on choices about the buy conduct of a shopper (Claiborne Sirgy, 2015). Before entering a retail location the purchaser is as of now affected by their companions and the commercials of that item. They may likewise be affected in the store in the wake of getting information from the store individual or promoting individual. On the off chance that the purchaser needs to buy that item through on the web, at that point they are impacted by the limited time promotion on the on the specific site. Post-buy assessment This stage decides the fundamental distinction between the presentation of the item and desire for the customer. In the wake of buying the item the customer might be fulfilled or disappointed which relies upon the factor that how well the item can ready to meet the desires for their shoppers (Liu et al., 2013). Subsequent to buying the item disappointment may emerge about the nature of the item, for example, it may not ready to give the nature of the image as the purchaser expect, and so on. In the wake of buying the item the customer gets increasingly fulfilled in the event that they can ready to do their presentational employments effectively, or can ready to engage themselves as they anticipated (Juster, 2015). They likewise get fulfilled when they acquire esteem from their companions and furthermore when they ready to feel elegant and unmistakable in their societal position. This experience may give a positive result towards that specific item. End Taking everything into account, this report gives an away from about the buy conduct of a buyer at the hour of buying a Galaxy Note telephone. From this information, it tends to be said that the buying choice of a shopper for an item like Galaxy Note completely relies upon the variables like individual style, singular definition, and the social impact. The uniqueness of Galaxy Note telephone shows that it is inventive and unmistakable than other marked android telephones which impact the shopper to buy that specific item. Reference Minnema, A., Bijmolt, T.H. furthermore, Non, M.C., 2016. The effect of moment reward projects and reward premiums on customer buy behavior.International Journal of Research in Marketing. Shen, B., Wang, Y., Lo, C.K. what's more, Shum, M., 2012. The effect of moral style on purchaser buy behavior.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(2), pp.234-245. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer conduct: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Zhang, J. what's more, Breugelmans, E., 2012. The effect of a thing put together faithfulness program with respect to purchaser buy behavior.Journal of Marketing research,49(1), pp.50-65. Siddiqui, M.N. what's more, Arabia, J.S., 2015. Purchaser Behavior The impact of family in the dynamic of family things buy. Goh, K.Y., Heng, C.S. what's more, Lin, Z., 2013. Online networking brand network and purchaser conduct: Quantifying the overall effect of client and advertiser created content.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.88-107. Flashes, B.A., Perkins, H.E. also, Buckley, R., 2013. Online travel surveys as enticing correspondence: The impacts of substance type, source, and affirmation logos on buyer behavior.Tourism Management,39, pp.1-9. Claiborne, C.B. what's more, Sirgy, M.J., 2015. Mental self view coinciding as a model of purchaser demeanor arrangement and conduct: An applied survey and guide for future research. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing. Liu, Y., Li, H. what's more, Hu, F., 2013. Site characteristics in encouraging on the web drive buy: An exact examination on shopper perceptions.Decision Support Systems,55(3), pp.829-837. Juster, F.T., 2015.Anticipations and buys: An investigation of purchaser conduct. Princeton University Press.

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the investment in the Gulf Research Paper - 1

The impacts of the 2008 money related emergency on the interest in the Gulf territory and Qatar - Research Paper Example While intently assessing the venture exercises of Gulf nations including Qatar during 2008 budgetary emergency and post-downturn period, it appears that the worldwide money related emergency didn't influence the Gulf region’s speculation division much when contrasted with different areas. Downturn 2008: Impact on the Arab Region The emergency influenced a large portion of the Arab area likewise causing a noteworthy decrease in budgetary markets. In spite of the region’s potential financial sources like oil income, land speculation, the travel industry, and lodging, nations in the district got helpless against a monetary log jam yet at a more slow pace. The principle reason was that the region’s financial exercises didn't include profitable activities which could reroute the riches surplus into setting up solid mechanical and human ability bases. Likewise, the area all in all neglected to retain pay and venture on a various premise. The aftereffects of the downtur n were obvious through declining expectations for everyday comforts, expanding imbalance, developing joblessness rate and so on. Vagrant specialists were the most influenced section in pretty much every GCC nation. The principle financial specialists in the district included however not constrained to The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA), the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, Singapore GIC, the Saudi ruler al-Waleed Bin Talal, Kuwait, and Qatar. The result for their interest in Corporates like Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, Barclays, and Credit Suisse was not palatable or even perpetrated extraordinary misfortune on the speculators. The accidents in the UK, U.S monetary markets influenced the Middle Eastern financial exchanges too. On September fifteenth 2008, the Saudi Arabian securities exchange fell by 6.5%, Doha 7%, Kuwait 3% and Abu Dabi 4.35% (Casa Arabe). Be that as it may, since the inlet district had just taken in exercises from the downturn of the 1980s and the oil value fall, t hey were set up to stand up to the new downturn dissimilar to numerous other created countries. Clearly, the effects of the 1980s’ value fall were more serious and quick than the ongoing one. The harsh encounters of 1980s instructed the GCC nations to react all the more deftly to the new emergency. The thing that matters was that the vital choices taken as of late were of long haul centrality while the initial ones included quick activities. Better monetary approaches and the private sectors’ less reliance on state spending likewise added to the generally practical situation of the area. The immediate aftereffect of this methodology was that all rich GCC nations to be specific Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi had adequate abroad resources for complete their yearly projects at any rate for a present moment. Post-Recession Scenario One of the post-downturn slants in the Gulf speculation part is the blast of land advertise. At the point when looked at different divisions, putting resources into created advertise land appeared to be secure and productive for some Arab financial specialists, among which Qatar held the noticeable position. As Roubini reports, Qatar dissimilar to its Emirati or Kuwaiti partners continued with lower advance development, lower productivity and accordingly debilitating monetary records (â€Å"Are there..†). The legislature purchased â€Å"stakes in nearby banks, just as property and value possessions on the monetary records of neighborhood banks† and the nation’s â€Å"sovereign riches support was among the first to come back to critical outside investment† (Roubini). Truth be told, the world conquered the issues of the 2008 downturn, for the most part drove by Asian and Middle East nations. For example, ensuing to the

Pharmaceutical Services and Health Promotion

Question: Examine about the Pharmaceutical Services and Health Promotion. Answer: Presentation: Wellbeing advancement that includes supporting the people to force power over just as to improve their wellbeing is crucial in todays world. The first wellbeing gathering, Ottawa Charter for wellbeing advancement has explained the principal ideas and viewpoints as to wellbeing advancement, which is the duty of different divisions (counting pharmacology researchers) that goes past wellbeing with need to advance past the sound way of life particularly to accomplish a worldwide prosperity (Catford, 2011). As to pharmaceutical setting, after Ottawa contract meeting, different universal practices, systems and arrangements and pharmacological examines has begun taking wellbeing advancement as one among the goals of drug specialists just as drug specialists' training. Obviously the pharmaceutical field has would in general approached medicinal services with general wellbeing from 1980s by relating drug specialists and pharmacology researchers to give prescriptions and to teach about hazard decrease and way of life changes. This exposition examines about the regions of OC and its importance to pharmacology researchers. The principal zone of OC is building solid open approaches that includes making composed move to address wellbeing value and guaranteeing more secure just as more advantageous products with administrations alongside sound open administrations (Nakamura, 2014). It implies that all the merchandise including drugs ought to be all around looked into to give sheltered, viable and innocuous prescriptions to individuals that guarantees the arrangement of more beneficial administrations to individuals in a pleasant situation. Additionally, this territories of activity is indented to remember wellbeing for its motivation by the approach creators in all divisions with all levels and guiding them to comprehend the wellbeing outcomes and acknowledge their duties. Consequently, this zone is profoundly important for our calling. The second zone of making strong conditions includes elevating wellbeing to upgrade protected, invigorating, great good with getting a charge out of life and workplace. It isn't pertinent to pharmacology researchers calling as this zone manages the activities of just drug specialist who takes the last situation in the patients' contact chain subsequent to being analyzed by medicinal services work force to settle on choices about pharmacological treatment (Kellow, 2011) or here and there being the sole contact for drugs that may not require a clinical remedy or might be for changes in way of life as to stop smoke, stop liquor misuse, and so on (Aquilino, 2003). This territory doesnt manage the job of pharmacology researchers. The following territory of reinforcing network activities includes instructing and advising the individuals about the medications measurement, unfriendly impacts with sedate communications and about changes in way of life as dietary directing, exercise based recuperation and stopping smoking (Lenz, 2011). This territory isn't applicable to my calling as it manages just training and advising perspectives. According to next region, experts ought to create individual aptitudes to advance wellbeing in network. So also, pharmacology researchers should direct research and build up their own aptitudes to advance communitys wellbeing. They recognize and select the people with chance elements for malady that are focused in national medicinal services programs (cardio-vascular sicknesses) and break down the impact of drug treatment that is required to forestall, treat or control the illness by their examines. Consequently, this region is profoundly pertinent to my calling. The following region of re-situating to wellbeing administrations that includes re-sorting out the drug stores by leading looks into and to change merchandise and enterprises dependent on current needs is drilled by pharmacology researcher. Henceforth, this zone is applicable to my calling. Thus, among five territories of Ottawa Charter, three zones are applicable to pharmacology-researchers calling. Reference Aquilino, M.L. (2003). Smoking-end benefits in Iowa people group drug stores: Pharmacotherapy. 23(5): 666-673. Catford, J. (2011). Ottawa 1986: back to the future: Health Promot. Int. 26(2): ii163-ii167. Kellow, N. (2011). Assessment of a provincial network drug store based Waist Management Project: carrying the program to the individuals: Aust. J. Tidy. Wellbeing. 17(1):16-22. Lenz, D. (2011). Assessment of the utilization of subject nasal decongestants in college understudies from wellbeing sciences courses: Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 47(4): 761-767. Nakamura, C.A. (2014). Pharmaceutical administrations and wellbeing advancement: how far have we gone and how are we faring? Logical yield in pharmaceutical investigations: Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 50(4). Recovered from https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1984-82502014000400773

8 Hypotheses

8 Hypotheses 8 Hypotheses, Mostly Non-Testable: 1. Today I accidentally punched a friend in the head while gesticulating the angle between a wall clock and the horizontal. In an effort to convince Matt McGann that I am an entirely trustworthy employee as long as you dont ask me for the time in a panicked tone, Im willing to bet that most socially-competent people punch someone every month or so. Statistically, if you have 500 friends, and .5% of your friends are within 2 feet of you at any time while youre awake, and the average human arm length is around 2.1 feet, and you point at something every 4 minutes or so, and . . . well, you should probably just try to have less friends. (Especially if your friends come in multiples of 2.5.) 2. It is possible to succeed in life even despite enormous obstacles like having 16396 unread emails in ones inbox. 3. A mental exercise: Next time you walk into a bathroom, spontaneously promise yourself that you will not leave until either: A. You finally understand a concept that youve struggled with for a long time. B. You remember the capital of whichever Dakota or Carolina you find to be more mneumonically elusive. (South for me in both cases.) C. A friend/family member threatens to inflict serious Hitchhock-esque damage to your person if you dont get out of the bathroom within the next five seconds. Through regular practice, you will expand your self-directed learning capacity while fostering a strong awareness of diverse cultures. And by diverse I mean both North and South Dakota. 4. One can broadly describe an academic field by its use of the word “subtle.” Consider the following: Ethnomusicology major: Bartoks mingling of quasi-folk microtonal melodies with radio broadcasts from WWII airstrikes creates an aurally subtle yet contextually ponderous effect of reminding the listener that (s)he will eventually die. [“Subtle” = “non-observable.”] Math major: This problem is subtle. [“Subtle” = “non-solvable.”] Psychology major: The desire for social belonging is a subtle consequence of human nature. [“Subtle” = “obvious.”] 5. Over IAP, MITs computer science department offers an enticing-and-possibly-poisonous candy shop of miniature programming classes. For instance: [Conversation transcript follows] Me: I think Im taking intro class on programming in C. Linda: I took it last year. The problem sets are hard. Me: Really? It cant be that bad Linda: One kid stepped on his laptop so he wouldnt have to turn his in. Me: . . . Thats subtle. The author hypothesizes that MIT Medical and IST should jointly investigate the frequency of laptop suicides over IAP in order to prevent the horrifying and tragic results of undiagnosed disorders in poorly-written code. 6. The older I get, the more crammingly I have to swallow the urge to begin every blog entry with trite, brittly cynical three-word sentences. “Im getting old” creeps into my typing fingers like an arthritis, and every push of the delete bar afterwards nursingly massages out an infectious cramp. Lulu, with the battered wisdom of a senior year Physics major who speaks of skipping town on frigid New England winters and frigid academics while Im listlessly thinking to ask her about the force on a dipole due to the gradient of the B-field, probably warned me about the onslaught of premature aging a long time ago, but I dont remember what she said because my memory drifted in an elsewhere of superconducting rings floating dreamily along curling field lines. Perhaps my geriatric expressiveness is a just a flavor of Seasonal Anxiety Disorder: the dry snap of dessicated branches, catapulting ice onto unprotected pedestrian heads, is pretty scary now that I think about it. At the same time, Ive become increasingly fond of telling friends and strangers alike that John A. Wheeler (Feynmans mentor and the co-author of the best textbook on General Relativity ever written for preschoolers) once believed that all electrons had the same observed mass and charge because (wait for the punchline) they were all the same electron. This is perhaps my favorite fact ever. Its thought-provoking, its a hit at parties, and its snappy like a dry tree branch laden with snow. (In which snow is a metaphor for hilariousness. I bet you Robert Frost never thought of that one.) On the other hand, Im slightly worried because the uncontrollable sharing of ones Favorite Fact Ever with people who dont care is a well-documented characteristic of old people. Hypothesis: The older I get, the closer I come to rivaling Professor Sadoway for the title of Person Most Likely to Try to Entertain You by Talking about Electrons. Side note: Whats your Favorite Fact Ever? 7. In astrophysics, the no-hair theorem postulates that black hole solutions to the General Relativistic equations of gravitation and electromagnetism can be characterized by only mass, charge, and angular momentum. At MIT, the no-time-for-hair theorem postulates that solutions to the general problem of simultaneously having hair and having too much work to do can be characterized by variants of the same three parameters: massive hair, electrically-charged hair, and angularly momentous hair. I was a brilliant example of non-quantum entanglement last week: 8. Spending Thanksgiving away from family is a delectable excuse to go geocaching with a low-precision car GPS that will ensure complete failure to find any geocaches. I tested this theory last weekend at pika, after waking up on Thanksgiving day to a house full of British accents, coupon-bloated newspapers, grey November sun dapples, dying flowers, and leftover chai tea and cookies on the dining room table. Holidays are like American dollars in Europe during a recession; theyre better spent in pursuit of reckless adventures than anything else. Ruth 13, as per family tradition, spent the morning biking through the city with her sister. (Im rather fond of how “pika” got truncated to “oika” in this photo, mostly because I imagine an Ancient Grecian doppelganger of Pikachu squealing, “Oika!” as it battles some sort of Charizard-esque creature from Hades.) Emily 10, as per family tradition, baked several pies and drove to New Hampshire to celebrate pie with her relatives. Desi (pikas cat-in-residence), as per family tradition, climbed onto my Star Wars Original Trilogy bedsheets* and pounced at Darth Vader. *Mom wouldnt let me bring my LEGO Death Star II replica to college though, probably because she didnt want me to have too wild of a social life. And then Desi found out that Darth Vader was her father. Eventually, I stopped photographing the cat and kneaded some leftover potato coconut soup into a wheat flour batter, which briskly crisped into a skillet of coconut curry flatbread. Although in retrospect, I think it would have tasted just as good without the cat. [The next morning, I released the sequel: Rosemary Onion Mushroom Olive Focaccia (or Faux-caccia, to be puntastically faithful to my non-traditional improvisations), frankensteined together from Scott 13s leftover vegetable collection. It was decidedly and fragrantly okay, but probably should have been flatter and/or breadier. Although it was easily fixed with a dollop of catsup, if you know what I mean.] Scott made waffles. Post-breakfast, I grabbed my GPS and embarked on a journey into the desolate zombiefied streets of Boston, whose denizens were presumably occupied by traditional Thanksgiving activities like Guitar Hero and Turkey-Consumption Hero. Oer hill and dale I traipsed, GPS dutifully bleeping the (approximate) coordinates of unseen treasures as I and my entourage peered into skeletal tree trunks, sunk our eyes deep into overgrown grass, overturned mud-entrenched rocks, and generally acted like characters from Redwall in search of a plot device. Short story short, I decided to call it a day when the robotically-sonorous female voice on my GPS intoned, “Jump off bridge; swim fifty feet downstream and turn left. Arrive at destination.” I was like, “Girl, please. Heck no I aint retrieving this geocache.” So I walked home and took pictures of the cat leftovers. Post Tagged #pika

Do Private Space Companies Help the U.S. - Free Essay Example

Private space companies have a very good effect on the space program. But not all the time its a good effect. Private space companies have been in the program for a long time but just recently people have made controversy over it. The main part of the controversy is if private companies are safe or not. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) are helping private companies because they think it will help in producing space exploration equipment and let space exploration be taken to the next level. Other people think that this is a bad idea because it can lead to things like people getting hurt or it can destroy the community of space exploration. The history of space exploration goes far back all the way to when the space program had first appeared. Private companies very early worked with the government and military space organizations or evolved in aerospace manufacturing businesses (Evans). At this point Experts?would agree that American astronauts and cargo will be moved on privately built rockets (Get NASA out of the rocket business). Private companies were looking good at this time and not very many people complained about them but, later in the years is when people started controversy saying that private companies could damage the space program and maybe even end it. Space exploration takes a lot of money and resources to accomplish tasks. Thats why NASA let private groups help them by advancing space flight, researching and making new tech, promoting interest for space and influencing government decisions on space flight (Privatized Space Exploration Has Disadvantages and Benefits). One of the reasons NASA wants private companies is so they can take over the development of space vehicles because the vehicles will be cheaper and it will be easier for NASA the U.S. and the government. Having private companies take over would be cost efficient and save time for them. The best known private company is?Space?Exploration?Technologies (SpaceX), founded by Elon Musk, who had established paypal, an Internet company that is used for?online purchases. In September 2008,?SpaceX lifted of the Falcon 1 rocket from a U.S. army base?and became the first privately owned and developed rocket to orbit Earth (SpaceX Wins Contract). Private companies dont only do good things. Private companies wanted to return to the moon which would have costed a lot of money for the U.S. to do but the U.S. has already explored the moon with men and robots/satellites (National Debate Topic 2011-12) To travel to space it could cost millions of dollars just for 1 trip with only 10 people so instead of sending humans to space they can just send robotic probes, satellites, and rovers because they can explore quicker and if anything happens to them it wont really matter (National Debate Topic 2011-12). The space program should be maintained by the government and strict regulations should be enforced.?The presence of private companies could jeopardize both individual lives and the future of the program (The Privatization of Space Exploration). So private companies are not equipped to explore space and will most likely fail. Private companies have a lot of good features about them so in my opinion private companies can help space exploration be taken to the next level. SpaceX, One of the most popular private companies is even launching their own rockets into space without the help of NASA. So, these companies will improve space exploration so far that maybe even regular people will be able to fly in a rocket ship and explore space (The Privatization of Space Exploration). If private companies take over the development of the ships they will be cheaper better and it will give more time to NASA so they can produce equipment or plan trips to other planets (Haerens 96). The United States should travel to mars because it would give NASA and other private companies the chance to make history and find new discoveries. Doing that would also be very inspiring around the world and it would show people that private companies are a big help to space exploration (National Debate Topic 2011-12). The U.S. space program is currently following the correct path by letting?private companies work with the government. Works Cited Evans, Kim Masters. Space Organizations Part 2: U.S. Military, Foreign, and Private. Space Exploration: Triumphs and Tragedies, 2010 ed., Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ1772000103/OVIC?u=beav15010sid=OVICxid=644642cd. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018. Get NASA Out of the Rocket Business. USA TODAY, 27 Feb. 2018, pp. A.5. SIRS Issues Researcher, https://sks.sirs.com. Haerens, Margaret. NASA. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2012. National Debate Topic 2011-12: Expanding the Space Program: Resolved: The U.S. federal government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the Earths mesosphere. Issues Controversies, Infobase Learning, 31 May 2011,https://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=2631. Accessed 8 Nov. 2018. The Privatization of Space Exploration. Gale Student Resources in Context, Gale, 2018. Student Resources In Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2181500233/SUIC?u=beav15010sid=SUICxid=b61b5310. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018. Privatized Space Exploration Has Disadvantages and Benefits. Space Exploration, edited by Michael Ruth, Greenhaven Press, 2016. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010989216/OVIC?u=beav15010sid=OVICxid=b16dd950. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018. Originally published as Neil Armstrong Had Little Confidence in Privatized Space Travel,, 26 Aug. 2012. SpaceX Wins Contract to Take U.S. Astronauts into Space. Issues Controversies, Infobase Learning, 4 Oct. 2010, https://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=10115. Accessed 7 Nov. 2018.

Illiteracy in America Essay - 969 Words

Illiteracy in America Walking into a class room full of seniors, one might not suspect that some of the students can not read above a third grade reading level (Mcmaster). In fact one million teenagers from the ages of 12 and 17 do not have the reading ability of a third grader. Literacy among American people is important because it affects our economy greatly. Not only that but it also affects the lives of the American population. Illiteracy is a large problem within the United States that can be reasonably solved using different tactics. Illiteracy is detrimental to any society. First people must know what it is before the problem can be fixed. Illiteracy can be defined as the inability to read or write. Lately illiteracy†¦show more content†¦This was a faulty system because when children recognize words, sometimes they may think that a certain word has a different meaning. When this happens the mistaken meaning of the word is â€Å"ingrained† into the child’s head when the problem goes unnoticed for many years. These are only a few of the sources that cause many of the problems that come along with illiteracy. Being without the ability to read brings along many different problems. One of the most important problems is that dealing with economics. In his article to the â€Å"Vocal Point†, Mcmaster emphasizes that how illiteracy affects the nation’s economy by stating that, Americas GNP (Gross National Product) has gone down in the last few years, while the number of illiterate adults has gone up by more than two million a year and every week 44,000 adults are added to the total number of illiterates in the country. By this fact, it can be seen that there is a relation to the decline in America’s economy and the percentage of illiterate people. The ability to read affects our nations money spending as well as, â€Å"it costs an estimated $100-200 billion per year in unemployment, welfare, health care, and incarceration costs† (Sachwitz). This fact can be proven in Larry Roberts’ article saying that 44 million out of the 191 million adults in America do not have the ability to fill out a jobShow MoreRelatedIlliteracy in America3214 Words   |  13 PagesAmerica, the most technologically advanced and affluent of all nations on the earth, seems to have an increasingly larger illiteracy rate every year. This has become and continues to be a critical problem throughout our society as we know it. According to the National Adult Literacy survey, 42 million adult Americans cant read; 50 million are limited to a 4th or 5th grade reading level; one in every four teenagers drops ou t of high school, and of the students who graduate, one in every four hasRead MoreThe Cycle Of Illiteracy And Illiteracy984 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cycle of Illiteracy Illiteracy has always been a problem in society in various ways that I believe, can only be frowned upon. Events in the past and present days emphasize the importance of basic education focusing in literacy as an essential part of our society. An experience as simple as a parent being illiterate can have a ripple effect on their children. Such as, my grandfather, who was raised in Mexico and was taught that labor to provide for his family was of higher importance thanRead MoreEssay on Functional Illiteracy873 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Illiteracy? An adult or adults with a reading incapacity, a lack of knowledge of a subject, and/or a error in speech or writing according to Encarta World English Dictionary is a person or persons with illiteracy. Ronald Nash the author of an on-line article entitled The Three Kinds of Illiteracy he describes the three different types of illiteracy. Nash explains in detail cultural, moral, and functional illiteracy in his article. Cultural illiteracy defined by E.D. Hirsch Jr. is toRead More Fishing for Words Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesFishing for Words â€Å"Give a man a fish; you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish; you have fed him for a lifetime† (http://www.amatecon.com/fish.html). This quote can be applied to illiteracy in America; basically someone illiterate cannot live on their own until they have been taught the basics, reading and writing. According to Kozol’s essay The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society the government, administration, and people of high power live by the beginning of the quote (Kozol, The HumanRead MoreIlliteracy : The Interior Demon1126 Words   |  5 PagesRayce B. Gibson Mrs. O’Sullivan English 2 4 September 2015 Illiteracy: The Interior Demon Imagine a young fourth grader sitting in a classroom with about twenty other children. At first, they all appear to be the same. Just a blur of average-looking students sitting at their desks with literature books opened up to page forty-five. The teacher is calling on each of the students, asking them to each read a paragraph from the selected passage. All of them are having no trouble with verbalizing theRead MoreThe Issue and History of Illiteracy Among African Americans1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe Issue And History Of Illiteracy Among African Americans Becca White Writing 123 Instructor Sydney Darby 27 May 2008 Illiteracy is a growing issue in America. The U.S. Department of Education funded the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) in 1992 that estimates over 90 million Americans fall well below an eight grade literacy level (Rome, 2004, pp. 84). Nowhere is this tragedy more prevalent than among the impoverished African Americans. Illiteracy has always been higher among AfricanRead MoreThe Rights Of A Regular Classroom 4 Of The 28 Kids1123 Words   |  5 Pagesread or recognize most written words. With the plague of illiteracy, these children grow up hiding their disability and trying desperately to just pass by. When they graduate high school, or at least hit 17 years old, they stop their education and begin searching for jobs to support their families since all members are most likely illiterate as well. However, the jobs they get are menial and the pay is too. They grow up and continue the illiteracy cycle, forcing their children to have the same plagueRead MoreAdults Crave Literacy Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesnumerous amount of issues that plague our society. Ones that range from obesity to economic issues. A certain problem that is highly talked about, but left in the dark is the problem of illiteracy. Illiteracy is the lack of the ability to comprehend or make sense of knowledge. A deeper look into America’s adult illiteracy problem reveals what we need to change, how we should change these problems and how we can get ahead of this competitive world race for education. In a race for the bestRead MoreNational Assessment Of Adult Literacy1104 Words   |  5 PagesIlliteracy can be easily defined as not having the skill or the ability to read this sentence. Every year, more children grow up without the ability to read. This results in students dropping out of high school. Literacy is vital element to education and illiteracy can greatly affect an individual. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy states that literacy is â€Å"using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential†Read MoreThe Necessities For Living Are Basic Food, Water, And Shelter1115 Words   |  5 Pageswater, and shelter. Plain and simple, but how do you acquire such necessities? Education is the foundation. No matter where anyone goes with life, the need for an education is an important factor in living a healthy, safe, and successful life. In America, many adults still lack the ability to read and understand the world around them because they are not literate, and it doesn’t just affect the individual. The affects are passed down to the children, the communities, and finally it is passed to society

Agrippina the Younger Essay - 3935 Words

Personality Agrippina The Younger Historical Context Roman Social and political structures Imperial Family Emperor From the time of Augustus, exercised total control over * Political * Military * Economic * Religious affairs Family Members of the Juio-Claudian family enjoyed considerable power and influence Upper Classes Consular Came from noble families – senators who had achieved office of consul and were respected because of their experience and authority Senators Membership was hereditary and limited to those with property qualification of one million sesterces Equestrians Member was based on property qualification of 400 000 sesterces. Their wealth was gained through public office, trade and†¦show more content†¦ed Brundisum DESTRUCTION OF THE FAMILY OF AGRIPPINA THE ELDER AD 24 – 29 Sejanus worked at destroying Agrippina the Elder Agrippina the Younger would’ve only been 13 Attacks began on her friends and relations to begin including * C Suilius – committed suicide before trial * Sosia Galla – was exiled * Claudia Pulchra – sentence is unknown but most likely banishment Agrippina was furious Apparently she burst in on Tiberius to remonstrate about the affair when he was making a sacrifice to the deified Augustus Due to Agrippina not being married her power and position is uncertain Sejanus turned his attack against Agrippina and Nero 27 proceedings accused of insubordination and homosexuality â€Å"the events that led to her downfall, which happened alongside that of her son Nero, are extremely difficult to disentangle and contradictory versions have come down in the sources† Barrett Nero was declared a public enmy and exiled to the island of Pontia committed suicide in AD 31 Drusus was declared hostis and imprisoned died of starvation Agrippina was sent to Pandateria eventually starved herself to death in October AD 33 marriages Agrippina the Younger is described to be well educated and aware of her potentially important place She was physically fit and not unattractive â€Å"Agrippina was probably not especially beautiful in the normally accepted sense of the word†¦ (but she was) an alluring women who succeeded by using her sexual charms†¦ aShow MoreRelatedJulia Agrippin An Impeccable Pedigree1444 Words   |  6 PagesJulia Agrippina, more commonly known as Agrippina the Younger, had an impeccable pedigree, along with great ambition that helped her dominate the political world of her time. She was born into a Julio-Claudian family background that shaped and influenced the woman Agrippina the Younger became. Throughout her life her actions and ambitions were heavily critiqued as they went against the social norms and expected role of women of her time. Motivation: Agrippina the Younger found inspiration and motivationRead MoreAgrippina Influence1557 Words   |  7 PagesAgrippina the Younger had four main factors that highly influenced her power before her marriage to Claudius. She was born into the Julio-Claudian bloodline making her an Imperial woman of a noble dynasty, she was as a result of her family background reasonably wealthy and educated, she had the backing of the Roman Army as her father Germanicus was the commander of the 5th legion of the army in Germany and finally her two marriages which provided her with wealth and a son to be heir of the throneRead MoreThe Roman Republic1412 Words   |  6 PagesLindi Ingram Professor Salzman February 26, 2016 As a descendent of the deified Emperor Augustus, Agrippina was born into a powerful and respected family. She exploited this power, obtaining a level of influence over her husband and son that was only available to ambitious, imperial men. Her use of manipulation and violence has led ancient writers, such as Tacitus, to describe her political career as inappropriate and excessive. But I will argue against these views. On the contrary, I will showRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Roman Empire1299 Words   |  6 Pagesgood example of this is the life of Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero. She was previously married to the emperor of Rome, Claudius. This is similar to the situation of Boudicea, but the difference lies when the powerful husband perishes. We know that in Boudicea’s case, she’s allowed by the people to take power, but Agrippina was not so lucky. The leadership role had passed from her husband, right over her, and down to her son Nero. Due to this , Agrippina had to look to other ways of gainingRead MoreAgrippina Strengths And Weaknesses996 Words   |  4 Pagesdown by the very traits that had enabled her to achieve positions of power. Agrippina was able to become one of the most significant women of the Ancient Roman World, but at the same time she was considered manipulative, and was despised by many, including eventually her son - the Emperor Nero, who had her killed in the year 59 CE. Despite holding no official political status, and being limited by her gender, Agrippina reached unprecedented heights and helped stabilise the Claudius Regime, demonstratingRead MoreTacitus s Influence On The Roman Empire2166 Words   |  9 Pagestalks about the influence of Agrippina the younger as a sign of weakness of the principate representing Claudius and Nero as her pawn. Her position of power as a female to this day is unmatched; known as the granddaughter, daughter, sister, wife, and mother of men. ( Tacitus) Agrippina, an Imp erial woman of the Julio-Claudian bloodline a female Caesar lived through all five of the Julio-Claudian emperors Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. Agrippina the younger roles in the empire is recognizedRead MoreThe Life and Times of Nero Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesLucious Domitius Ahenobarbus. His parents were Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger. Domitius served as consul for Rome. He was a man of execrable character. Domitius died shortly after Neros birth in 40 AD. Agrippina was the great-grand daughter of the Emperor Augustus. Her father was the famous Roman General, Germanicus. The memory of the great general was raverred by many Romans. This extended Agrippina the power of having the reputation of a heroic father and a respectable familyRead MoreAgrippina’s Relationship with Other Members of the Imperial Court2158 Words   |  9 PagesAncient Assessment – Agrippina – by Sophie Mulley Describe Agrippina’s relationship with other members of the imperial court. (10 MARKS) â€Å"Agrippina was a formidable adversary. She had political allies at all levels, acquired during Claudius’ reign, and she knew how to exploit her Augustan lineage and descent from Germanicus to the full.† – Griffin Agrippina the younger is recognized as one of the most ambitious women in history who encompasses a great desire for power, wealth and supremacyRead MoreNero : The Selfish And Cruel843 Words   |  4 Pagescruel men. One of these men had the name of Nero. Nero was born in A.D. 37 and died in A.D. 68 when he committed suicide (â€Å"Nero,† par. 1). Nero originally had the name Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and was born to Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger (History.com Staff, par. 2). When she married Claudius I in A.D. 49 she persuaded him to adopt Nero, making Nero next in line to rule instead of his son Britannicus (History.com Staff, par. 2). Nero was an unsuccessful ruler. Nero focused tooRead More Emperor Claudius Essay2578 Words   |  11 Pagesfreedman Narcissus). Claudius was now without a wife. The Rise of Agrippina and Claudiuss Death (48-54 A.D.) The death of Messalina is presented as initiating a scramble among the freedmen, each wishing to place his preferred candidate at Claudiuss side as the new empress. In the end, it was Pallas who prevailed when he convinced Claudius to marry Agrippina the Younger. The marriage took place within months of Messalinas execution. Agrippina was a colorful figure with extensive and far-reaching imperial

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Food Products Consumption Pattern Based on the Consumers Appraisal and Research Proposal

Essays on Food Products Consumption Pattern Based on the Consumers Appraisal and Evaluation Research Proposal The paper "Food Products Consumption Pattern Based on the Consumer’s Appraisal and Evaluation" is an excellent example of a research proposal on marketing. The unwritten rule in the successful marketing of any product is the accurate comprehension of consumer behaviour. This timeless fundamental concept has therefore prompted extensive research over the years in an attempt to understand the consumers’ behaviour. Many models and theories have been put up to provide a reliable framework that provides credible grounds for explaining consumer behaviour. Regardless of this endeavor, a clear understanding of consumer behaviour still remains an elusive issue as human behaviour still remains an enigma, therefore, making it difficult to grasp.Consumer behaviour can be defined as the criterion that a presumably rational consumer will use to evaluate a product and the factors that will influence their choice of consumption given a wide range of alternatives and products. Consumer behaviour is a wide scope; however, it will vary depending on the nature of products. Up to date, little research has been conducted on the relevance of consumer behaviour on the choice of food products. In an attempt to shed more light on this concept, this paper seeks to review a journal article that expounds more on the food product consumption pattern based on the consumer’s appraisal and evaluation.2.0 Research problemThe journal article under review is titled The Impact of Product Name on Dieters" and Nondieters Food Evaluations and Consumption by Irmak, Vallen, and Robinson (2011). This article is based on a consumer’s perception of food products due to dietary concerns and how the perceived healthfulness of the product will in turn influence the perceived taste of the product, which ultimately affects the consumer pattern. The journal article aims at addressing the problem of existing limited information regarding the correlation between dietary concerns and co nsumption patterns. It does so by providing linking factors, such as the perceived healthfulness of food products, taste perceptions, and consumption patterns. The article also aims at providing further knowledge on the effects that a product name will have on dieters and non-dieters evaluation of food products and ultimately their choice of the food product.3.0 Research rationaleThe rationale behind this study is the fact that consumers' health consciousness has increased over the years (Irmak, Vallen and Robinson, 2011). This has created a niche in the market with most companies rushing in to fill this gap by offering a wide variety of healthy products. It is therefore imperative that companies understand consumer behaviour and its effect on the consumer’s consumption pattern so that they can come up with strategic and tactical marketing strategies in a highly competitive and crowded food market (Irmak, Vallen and Robinson, 2011). The journal article under review serves bot h the interest of companies and public health bodies.

The Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” Free Essays

The Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† â€Å"I want the best you have†¦ I want arsenic. † Emily was purchasing rat poison. Did she really have rats? Or did she poison her husband Homer Barron? William Faulkner used a few ciphers in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† to get his readers to explore their imagination. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is an extremely suspenseful, on the edge of your seat, story with a shocking ending. It is a short story about an old women who loses her father and eventually her husband; she is the talk of the town and after she dies, everyone realizes exactly how insane she was. Faulkner uses many symbols that have meanings of their own and also for something else. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has numerous symbols. Some more important the others, a minor symbol would include her father’s whip. It symbolizes his control and domance over her. It was as if he was fighting off all the men in Emily’s life with his whip. It may also suggest that he is incredibly strict with her and didn’t want her to have much of a social life. When Emily’s dad died, Emily was devastated; she did not want to leave his body. Shortly after, Emily took comfort in a man named Homer Barron. The death of Emily’s father left her miserable, when Homer left town for a few days, she thought she might loose him like she did her father. When he returned home, everything went down hill. â€Å"And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron and of Miss. Emily for sometime. † A slightly more important symbol would be the old, creepy house where Miss. Emily lived. The house symbolized a mystery; the whole town thought Miss. Emily was bizarre and that house just added to their suspicion. The house had a distinct smell. It was a kind of rotting smell, as if something, or maybe someone, had died in there and was never disposed of properly. It got so bad the mayor, along with a couple other residents of the town, snuck onto the property and put deodorizer on her front lawn. After Emily’s death, the towns people were finally able to explore the house. What they found wasastonishing. Everything seemed somewhat normal up until they got to the locked door. The men broke it down and found a room that looked as if to be prepared for a wedding covered completely with an inch or two of dust. When they turned around, they found a decomposing body! The last symbol was definitely the most important. Next to the body was a long gray hair. To some it might not mean anything; but to other intellectual readers, it might have great importance. If you look deeper into it, Emily had long gray hair, she was tremendously insane, and bought rat poison that would â€Å"kill anything up to an elephant. † Could she have killed Homer? Could that long gray hair symbolize Emily going up to the room at night and cuddling up with Homer’s dead body? Faulkner leaves it up to us to decide. He uses the power of symbolism to test our mind and really make us think about what we are reading. The symbols in this story make it what it is, a fine piece of literature. Faulkner really puts the power of symbolism to work in â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † In this story, through the use of symbolism, Emily is exposed as the true crazy person that Faulkner met to portray her as. If you put your mind to work, Emily may have used arsenic to murder her husband, kept his body locked up in a barricaded room, and slept with his rotting corps night after night. Symbolism can make or break a story; in this case it made â€Å"A Rose for Emily† great. It constantly tests the mind and keeps the reader guessing what will happen next. How to cite The Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Papers

Bottle ecosystem lab report free essay sample

Queen: Finally we are going to have a baby! (To the King) Narrator: In the month of May, the night of the full moon, Queen Maha Maya gave birth to her son. King: (To the Wise Men) What should we name our baby boy? Wise Men: Your son shall be named Siddharta, meaning he shall be the one whose wishes will be fulfilled. Be cautious however, this means that if the Prince sees a dead, old, sick person, or a monk, he will give up his wealth to become a monk himself. Narrator: The city rejoiced over the birth of their new Prince. Sadly, two days after iving him life, Queen Maha Maya died. King: (Sobbing) My beautiful wife is dead! I mustnt let my son become a monk! (To Prajapati) Please, you are the sister to my wife. You must help me raise my son. PraJapati: (To the Prince) My baby, my baby! How beautiful you are! You look so much like your mama! I will raise you to become the healthiest, happiest and smartest child in your class. We will write a custom essay sample on Bottle ecosystem lab report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Narrator: And that she did. Siddhartha was considered popular amongst his friends for always being so considerate to all life. Siddhartha: (To the animals) Whos a good rabbit? Want an apple? (Squirrel yelps) Siddhartha: Oh no! What are you squealing about?! Youre not hurt! Dont be upset, youre okay, youre okay. (Siddhartha notices a boy beating a snake in the distance) Boy: Take that snake! Ha ha! Siddhartha: Stop it stop it! The snake is living too, for he has feelings Just as you and I do! Narrator: The Prince took it upon himself to be the animal advocate and defend their lives. One day, Siddharthas cousin, Devadatta, was treating nature cruely. bottle ecosystem lab report By swimmyswimswim

Botanical Stories free essay sample

â€Å"I dont want to be a writer anymore!† I shouted. The outburst was triggered by an argument that I had been having with my father. It was one we had had several times before, but the message never seemed to get through to him, or anyone else. â€Å"What do you mean you dont want to be a writer anymore? You cant just stop being a writer. Thats just stupid,† my father said giving me an appalled look. â€Å"Youre a wonderful writer. Thats what youre going to be when you grow up.† His reply was firm. It was as if he had already decided what my future was going to be like. I ripped up the story I held in my hand and threw down my favorite, black, ball point pen. I glared at the pen laying lifelessly on the ground for a moment before my expression softened and I leaned down to pick it back up and slip it into my pocket. I was too frustrated at the moment to be heart broken about my ruined story, but later I would regret tearing it to shreds. Id written it for my dad. â€Å"Daddy,† I sighed exasperated. â€Å"I want to be a scientist. I want to be a botanist. I dont want to write. I dont want fame.† My father stared at me as if he was trying to understand the meaning behind my words. â€Å"A scientist?† he asked slowly, trying out the words. My parents did not really like the idea of my wanting to be a scientist at first. They thought that it was just going to be a phase. It was not a phase though. It is not. I love science and have loved it since my freshman year of high school. Although, the type of scientist I want to be has changed over the years, the basic idea has not. Ink runs through my veins. I love the sound of my pen decorating the page in letters, words, sentences, paragraphs. I love writing silly stories, scary stories, funny stories. I write to entertain myself and immediate family members and friends. I write for my younger brothers and sisters. I write to make them laugh, or cry or fear. I write so that I can see the reactions of my loved ones. I like when people love my stories and I even like when people hate my stories, because at least I know they have listened to it, or read it. But Writing is something that I do for fun. Botany is my passion. I love the idea of knowing exactly where my food comes from. I love the idea of growing my own food and being able to sustain myself. I love walking through my garden and seeing all of the plants that I have grown, the fruits of my labor. I have been interested in medicinal plants since I was fairly young. My mom is a nutritionist and has influenced my love of organic food and natural medicine. I have grown up with the idea that healthy food is good food. First and foremost, be true to your body, mind and soul. That was one of the values that my brothers, sisters and I grew up with. As a child, one of the things that I wanted to be when I grew up (directly after wanting to be a pig, because they are pink of course!) was just like my mom. But as the years have dragged on, my interests have changed and grown. I no longer wanted to be a pig, I wanted to be an astronaut, an astronomer, and finally, a botanist. My dream is to one day have my own small, sustainable community in the mountains. Of course, this is just a dream, and like most dreams it may not come true, I know this and accept it as an almost fact. But I still like to envision it. My dream seems so small and far away, but I have spent countless hours thinking and planning about how to make it become a reality. And although, I love the idea, I have also decided to start out a bit smaller. Instead of building my own sustainable community, I would like to help families below a certain income level, to grow organic food and sustain themselves. I would love to start some kind of non-profit organization because I am interested in helping people to become healthier in ways that are not expensive. I have heard a lot of people say that they would be more inclined to feed their families healthier food if it were not so expensive, but I think that it is important for people to know that not all healthy food tastes bad and is extremely expensive. Most people do not know that they can find healthy, nutritious food right in their own backyard. All it takes is a little knowledge about the botany in ones area, and they can pick a delicious salad out of something most people would consider weeds. A lot of people spend copious amounts of money on dandelion greens and mint, when these things can easily be found in the nearest park. Dandelions are not just weeds, they are a plant with extremely high nutritional value that most average Americans do not even know about. People are constantly mowing down and spraying these wonderful plants that are rich with nutrition. If you were poor, would you want to go spend money on a salad that you could just as easily find in your own backyard? If people who are struggling to figure out where their next meal were to come from, knew that there were so many alternatives right under their noses, they would be crawling around in the dirt everyday, picking those â€Å"weeds† that nobody else wants. I want to give people, who want one, a choice. I would like to help those who want to be helped. I want to give those who would not normally have one, an alternative as to what they put into their bodies. Our bodies are our most important and valuable tools. We should be treating them with the utmost respect and care. I want to be able to help other people, but I want to gain as much knowledge as I can before I do. I believe that I can use my skill of writing and my knowledge of plants to good use, possibly even write my own urban field guide to Colorados botany. It would be combining two of my favorite pass times together. I love creating stories, and I want to write to make my family and friends happy. But the study of plants is my passion, I want to use that study to help other people, not only my family, but those who really need the help.

Underage Drinking free essay sample

There are several problems caused by underage drinking; furthermore, this is a serious disease. Most teenagers have a greater record of underage drinking compared to young people 20 years ago. There are more accidents and deaths now as a result of underage alcohol consumption. Subsequently, we are for the banning of underage drinking. First of all, alcohol causes many problems for society nowadays. Alcohol has been used throughout history for various reasons. According to the medical Encyclopedia, alcoholism is an illness marked by drinking alcoholic beverages to excess. As long as alcohol consumption is not at a level that interferes with physical health, it is not a problem. There are two types of alcoholism: dependence and abuse; however, both of them could cause many problems in society. Alcoholism has a large effect in youth; there are more than 10. 4 million young people between ages 12 and 20 who suffer from it. Second, the difference between social drinking and alcohol has changed a lot over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Underage Drinking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now alcohol abuse has become teenagers’ focus. In addition, they don’t have control over how much they drink. They might want to attend social events that only involve alcohol, or they can’t enjoy themselves. Going to a bar or making a drink after coming home from work becomes more important than connecting with friends or family. These days, alcohol might be the way to avoid painful feelings or troubled relationships. As a result, teenagers might resort to dangerous behavior, like driving while drunk, or they may even exhibit violent behavior. Third, there are more accidents and deaths as a result of underage alcohol consumption. When people ask teenagers how easy it is to get alcohol, they mostly say it is very easy. As alcohol is easier to obtain, it produces more problems. Around 4,300 deaths are caused by teenagers who drink alcohol because they are more likely to have car accidents or fights. For example, according to the daily mail online, †Joseph Salah, 19, lost control of his car while he was driving drunk, crashing and killing David Powel, 20 years old, instantly and injuring two other passengers. Imagine a teen driving drunk without thinking about consequences, or messing around with someone who cannot control his or her behavior; it often results in a catastrophe. Finally, we disagree with underage alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, this issue causes a lot of arguments around the world. Society is affected by alcohol, but governments still allow it to be sold while banning other drugs. Alcohol companies produce millions of dollars annually in revenues and taxes; that’s why governments won’t do more to prevent underage alcohol consumption.

Coursework On Candidiasis Example

Coursework On Candidiasis Example Coursework On Candidiasis – Coursework Example Nursing: work on Candidiasis Candidiasis Candidiasis is also known as thrush and is a yeast infection. This usually results from candida albicans an organism which usually, quietly makes home on our skin and does not trouble anyone. Everyone carries this organism on their mouth, skin, gastrointestinal tract and for the women, vagina. From time to time, the yeast normally multiplies uncontrollably in the process causing inflammation and pain.Candidiasis may therefore affect an individual’s skin. Normally the affected skin may include the outer surface skin as well the skin covering the mouth, penis and vagina. Candidiasis may also at times infect internal organs like the spleen or liver as well as the blood. However, the most widespread infections are those of mouth, vagina and skin (Calderone, 2002).People do not catch candidiasis since the yeast is always there on their skins. However various factors can lead to increased chances of the yeast multiplying beyond control. One o f the leading causes is overusing antibiotics. After taking antibiotics to eliminate harmful bacteria, the harmless bacteria naturally present in the intestine, mouth, vagina and numerous other parts are killed as well. Normally yeast is not affected by antibiotics and it therefore moves and occupies the empty spots that bacteria once had occupied. Yeast then begins to multiply and grow. Cancer medications and steroids also weaken the body’s immune system, allowing yeast to thrive. Oral thrush which is a mouth infection develops in individuals with AIDS and cancer. They also develop for the diabetics or individuals having long-term irritation as a result of dentures.Birth control pills also increase chances of vaginal candidiasis as well as wearing tight clothing and hot weather both of which are ideal conditions for candida to thrive (Calderone, 2002). Candidiasis skin infection can be treated by use of antifungal pill, powder or cream whereas vaginal infections can be treat ed by use of antifungal medications ,administered directly inside the vagina as creams, tablets, suppositories or ointments, or antifungal suspension for oral thrush which can be whooshed in the mouth and then swallowed. At times, the doctor requires the patient to dissolve antifungal lozenges inside the mouth (Boroch, 2013).ReferencesAnn, B. (2013). The Candida Cure:The 90-Day Program to Beat Candida and Restore Vibrant Health. New York,NY: Quintessential Healing Publishing,Inc.Richard, C. (2002). Candida and Candidiasis. New York,NY: ASM Press.

Techniques for constructing facilities in remote locations Essay

Techniques for constructing facilities in remote locations - Essay Example processes involved when constructing facilities in remote areas which include: site selection, site characterization, construction and post construction technique. The construction of facilities is a very important aspect of the day-to-day lives. An effective facility needs to be responsive and able to support the economic activities that might be taking place at the constructed facility. The constructed facility needs to be safe, secure, comfortable, accessible, well illuminated as well as well ventilated in order to support the activities that might be taking place at the facility. The constructed facility needs also to be aesthetically pleasing to the eyes too. It is mandatory clearly to note that a constructed facility also includes other building systems that might be included in the facility too. They include the mechanical systems of the constructed facility, power and electrical systems, plumbing, security, telecommunications as well as the fire suppression equipment. The constructed facility also includes some materials and supplies, the furnishings as well as the equipment for information technology. The layout and design of the cons tructed facility help in supporting the activities that might be taking place at the constructed facility (Chandra2005). However, there are those facilities that are specifically constructed for the remote areas. Much technology and engineering principles go a long way into helping construct such facilities in a remote environment. This is because a remote environment is a place that is naturally inhabitable by human beings or any other life forms. Therefore, many techniques are usually employed in order to help construct a facility in a remote location. The main advantage of constructing a facility in a remote location is that it is much easier to achieve much more sustainable outcome from the remote facility compared to other locations (Sears, Sears and Clough (2010). However, the magnitude of the proposed construction

Reflection On Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflection On Crime - Research Paper Example Various crime theories have emerged assuming diverse perspectives ranging from psychological, biological, sociological and even patterns of interconnected scientific explanations. Criminologists have remained vigilant in discovering innovative points of views that could link outcomes of criminal behavior to their root causes. In this regard, the current reflective paper aims to proffer issues related to three specific topics, to wit: (1) the study of crime; (2) biological and psychological explanations of crime; and finally, (3) deterrence, incapacitation, retribution and rehabilitation. Significant applications related to the issues would be discussed. Likewise, the discourse would address how one can apply what is learned from the topics towards becoming a more valuable member of society. The study ultimately aims to determine how theoretical concepts learned from the modules would contribute to improving the peace and order by deterring crimes in society through an individual†™s proactive view. The Study of Crime A crime is a conduct forbidden by law for which punishment is prescribed. Thus, the ideas of crime and punishment are intimately connected. To commit a crime is to run the risk that punishment will be imposed. Diverse theories have tried to explain the origin of criminal behavior. In the article entitled Criminology: the study of crime and behavior, Aristotle identified poverty as â€Å"the parent of revolution and crime† (Criminology, n.d, par. 1) tracing the explanation to elements in the environment as contributory to the criminal behavior. The same discourse provided different criminology theories that were discussed in the modules, initially detailing the classical theory where â€Å"people choose to behave wrongly when they believe the benefits outweigh the costs† (Criminology, n.d, par. 5). Culen & Agnew (2002) have clearly illustrated variables and assumptions for theories of crime ranging from strain, routine, strain, co ntrol theories where factors as diverse as the facets of personalities and external influences attempt to provide meaning to their occurrences. Where poverty was identified by Aristotle providing the impetus for sociologists to examine both social and cultural forces that impinge on individuals to commit errant behavior, other distinct findings prove genetics and biological factors increase susceptibility to crimes. Theorists like Lombroso and Hoorten seek to find some patterns from individuals’ personal traits as evidence for stronger links to the occurrence of crime (Criminology, n.d, pars. 22 & 23). Aside from variables, assumptions, factors and the dominant groups of criminologists, psychologists and sociologists supporting these criminology theories, the study of crime also encompasses new professionals in the capacity of economists as interested in this field of endeavor. The study conducted by Bushway and Reuter (n.d.) emphasized a â€Å"focus on rational self-seeking behavior and analysis of the consequences of interactions among groups of actors that create equilibria in a system† (1). This just proves that the study of crimes is indeed a multidisciplinary approach that intrigues professionals from other fields to explain the rationale for their occurrence and existence despite sanctions and punishments prescribed by the legal

Leadership At Berkshire Hathaway And General Electric Commerce Essay

Leadership At Berkshire Hathaway And General Electric Commerce Essay Since, the researchers interest was the effects of diversification on two American Conglomerates (Berkshire Hathaway and General Electric). First, its important to look at why the researcher has chosen these two companies. Both companies have a wide range and diversity of product portfolios which are of particular interest. Following earlier research (Natter, Mild, Feurstein, Dorffner, Taudes, 2001; Krishnan Ulrich, 2001) the paper intends to narrow down area of focus to Berkshire Hathaway Inc and general Electric. Both companies are going against the trend of diversification, starting from the last decade the trend has been becoming less popular, but both corporations are still diversifying their business lines. Berkshire Hathaway currently has 80 businesses and one of the reasons for the companys success might be strong management, the CEO, Warren Buffett is a core resource for Berkshire Hathaway, he is known for buying excellent businesses at a price that make business sense. On the other hand, with so many businesses, diversification strategies might help companies in spreading market risks: adding products to the exiting lines of business can be viewed as analogous to an investor who invests in multiple stocks to spread the risks. Diversification into other lines of business can especially make sense when the core product market is uncertain, which is the case for Berkshire Hathaway and General Electric. 4.2. 2 Reasons for their success (Berkshire Hathaway and General Electric) In order to achieve higher performance, GE generates great results from the people and process. This combination unlocks GEs business breadth, revealing new paths to growth. The company has 2 councils that are responsible for achieving such high performance: The Commercial Council that drives the Companys growth initiative: Growth as a Process. This initiative has yielded record-setting organic revenue growth for the last three years (Annual report, 2008). They also have Leadership, Innovation and Growth team training program, all are meant to achieve the long-term profitability and success of the Conglomerate and to develop communications expertise to create new ideas and foster existing ones. Also there is the Operating Council which was formed in 2007, which consisted of leaders from engineering, supply chain, sourcing, finance, and product management. The goal of the council was clear: create a $1 billion funnel of ideas, and improve the Companys operating profit margin rate by 100 basis points to a world-class level of 18% (Annual report, 2008). Also, The Council is focused on lowering product costs, reducing overhead, countering inflation, turning inventory, and improving price. It is a forum to share best practices on topics such as productivity, simplification, sourcing, restructuring, quality, and new products -all critical disciplines in an increasingly competitive and global environment. The Council uses a common scorecard to measure progress across the company and spreads its success to all businesses. In addition, General Electric has been a leading source of corporate strategy concepts and innovations for more than half a century. The firm has been among the top five members of fortune magazines Americas Most Admired corporations since the listing began. Considering the research question in this project which is the reasons for the success of two American conglomerates through diversification strategy and their achievements, the researcher refers diversification as a growth strategy and both 9Berkshire Hathaway and General electric) are known for their wide range of businesses and their growth through acquisitions. Makron Associated identified several conglomerates with exceptional performance in terms of ten-year shareholder returns. Berkshire Hathaway and General electric were part of these identified firms. The common characteristics of these companies were: strict financial discipline, rigorous analysis and valuation, a refusal to overpay for acquisitions and a willingness to close or sell existing businesses (Kaye and Yuwono, 2003) However, the case against conglomerates can be overstated and there are certainly potential advantages to unrelated diversification in some conditions: Exploiting dominant logics, rather than concrete operational relationships, can be a source of conglomerate value creation. As at Berkshire Hathaway, a skilled investor such as Warren Buffett, the so-called Oracle of Omaha and one of the richest men in the world, may be able to add value to diverse businesses within his dominant logic (Prahalad and Betis, 1986, 1995). Berkshire Hathaway includes businesses in different areas of manufacturing, insurance, distribution and retailing, but Buffet focuses on mature businesses that he can understand and whose managers he can trust. During the e-business boom of the late 1990s, Buffet deliberately avoided buying high-technology businesses because he knew they were outside his dominant logic. Countries with underdeveloped markets can be fertile ground for conglomerates. Where external capital and labor markets do not yet work well, conglomerates offer a substitute mechanism for allocating and developing capital or managerial talent within their own organizational boundaries. For example, Korean conglomerates (the chaebol) were successful in the rapid growth phase of the Korean economy partly because they were able to mobilize investment and develop managers in a way that standalone companies in South Korea traditionally were unable to. Also, the strong cultural cohesion amongst managers in these chaebol reduced the coordination and monitoring costs that would be necessary in a Western conglomerate, where managers would be trusted less (Markides, 2002). The same may be true today in other fast-growing economies that still have underdeveloped capital and labor markets. General electric has operations in many underdeveloped countries, For example, in 2008; GE completed the Hamma Seawater Desalination Plant, the largest desalination plant in northern Africa, which provides 2 million Algerian residents with a reliable source of fresh drinking water every day. Through innovatory thinking and cutting-edge technologies from GEs Oil Gas and Power Water businesses, GE is able to solve some of the problems that Algeria faces under todays harsh climate, while helping to position them for a brighter tomorrow. Also, graduate students in US compete to get entry-level positions with diversified corporation such General electric and Berkshire Hathaway and this provides them opportunities like the hiring of high calibre of employees. Other General Electric Success reason is the corporations strong core values: which are the underlying principles that guide an organizations strategy. Collins and Porras (2002) have argued that the long- run success of many US corporates-such as General Electric and Disney can be attributed (at least in part) to strong core values. The company workers consider their culture as part of innovation, a culture that was built over decades by their leaders and which is still the unifying force for the many GE business units around the world. While, communicating the strategy is an important within a company: Both corporation communications should be focused on the key components of the strategy, avoiding unnecessary detail or complex language. For example, CEO jack Welchs famous statement that General electric should either be number one or number two in all its markets. This strategy clearly shows that General Electric is a company that always strives hard to be a dominant player wherever the company competed. On the other hand, some of the most important sources of value creation within diversified firms are the ability to apply common general management capabilities, strategic management systems, and resource allocations processes to different businesses. Such economies depend on the existence of strategic rather than Operational commonalities among the different businesses within the diversified corporation (Robins and wiersema, 2002). Berkshire Hathaway is involved in insurance, candy stores, furniture, kitchen knives, jewellery, and footwear. Despite this diversity, all these businesses have been selected on the basis of their ability to benefit from the unique style of management established by warren buffet and CEO Charles Munger. The essence of such strategic-level linkage is the ability to apply similar strategies, resource allocation procedures and control systems across the different businesses within the corporate portfolio (Grant, 1988). While, GE participates in a wide variety of markets including the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity (e.g. nuclear, gas and solar), lighting, industrial automation, medical imaging equipment, motors, railway locomotives, aircraft jet engines, and aviation services. It co-owns NBC Universal with Vivendi (Annual Report, 2008). With all these many business divisions General electric remains still successful. 4.2.3 How the shareholders value is enhanced as the firms product diversifies. With so many ups and downs of corporate diversification, financial researchers have been worried with its benefits and costs. Majority of the benefits of corporate diversification come all along with the advantages of internal capital markets over external financing. By avoiding transaction cost and additional cost of informational asymmetries diversified firms with a bigger internal capital market allow for a more efficient capital allocation (Chandler 1977, Stein 1997). Also there are other benefits such as risk reduction on corporate level for diversified firms: lower cash flow volatility may increase the debt capacity of the company and thereby the tax shield of debt without facing prohibitive cost of financial distress (Lewellen 1971). Additionally lower volatility helps to reduce underinvestment cost when external financing is not available or only at prohibitive cost (e.g. Stulz 1990). In addition, Berkshire Hathaway and general Electric are companies that create Value by acquiring companies at favorable prices, and they closely monitor their financial performance, and operate through an effective internal capital market. At general Electric, Jack Welch was an especially effective example of corporate initiatives as a means of driving organizational change. His initiatives were built around communicable and compelling slogans such as General Electric growth engine, boundarylessness; six-sigma quality and destroy -your business-dot-com. The research assumes that diversification is a means by which a firm expands from its core business into other product markets, and that is what the corporate management is actively engaged in, diversifying activities than ever before leading to a considerable amount of rise observed in diversified firms. As it was earlier stated, companies diversify for three main reasons, Growth, Risk reduction and Profitability in a simpler way. Normally, Growth and Risk reduction have been significant motives for diversification; they tend to be not consistent with the creation of shareholder value. Therefore, both general electric and Berkshire Hathaway had and still have the desire to grow. Berkshire has been acquiring and owning stakes in companies since early 70s. We clearly see from the companys timeline that the Berkshire continued growing through acquiring stakes in many companies. The latest acquisition was in February 2010 which was the Corporations purchase of the remaining shares of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation for $26 billion, the companys biggest purchase ever. While General Electric has acquired Vital signs Inc for $860 in 2008 (Chicago Tribune, 2008) and it also announce in 2009 that it will buy out Vivendis stake in NBC Universal and sell a controlling interest of the company to Comcast, with General Electric retaining a 49 interest in joint venture (Goldman and Pepitone, 2009). With the Acquisitions history, Both Corporations have been growing and expanding their business with the objective of Maximizing Shareholder wealth. Referring back to the next motive for diversification which is the desire to spread risks To isolate the effects of diversification on risk, consider the case of pure or conglomerate diversification, where separate businesses are brought under common ownership but the individual cash flows of the business remain unaffected. As long as the cash flow of the different businesses are imperfectly correlated, then the variance of the cash flow of the combined businesses is less than the average of that of the separate businesses, Hence Diversification reduces risk. Both of the companies have engaged in numerous activities for decade, they have expanded their businesses. Rumelt (1974) discovered that companies that diversified into businesses closely related to their core activities were significantly more profitable than those that pursued unrelated diversification. According to Peters and Waterman (1982) Virtually every academic study has concluded that unchanneled diversification is losing proposition. This observation provided the basis for one of peters and watermans golden rules of excellence -stick to the knitting: Our principle finding is clear and simple. Organizations that do branch out but stick very close to their knitting outperform the others. The most successful are those diversified around a single skill, the coating and Bonding technology at 3M for example. The second group in descending order, comprise those companies that branch out into related fields, the leap from electric power generation turbines to jet engines from General electric. Least successful, as a general rule, are those companies that diversify into wide variety of fields. Acquisitions especially among this group tend to be wither on the vine (Peters and waterman, 1982). Finally, the research paper postulates that shareholder value is increased when companies diversified in related businesses, since they share capabilities and core resources across the businesses. And the growth of such (GE and Berkshire Hathaway) conglomerates might improve the companys profitability, since new related businesses means spreading of risks and increasing of profitability across each business segments. 4.2.4 The costs and benefits associated with undertaking product diversification. In order to find out the costs and benefits of product diversification, the research paper looks at: the relative costs and benefits of corporate diversification are likely to depend on how the different business activities of a firm are related to one another. Where separate business activities use a common, indivisible input, a diversified firm can exploit economies of scope. However, One of the benefits of diversification focuses on the presence of economies of scope in common resources: Economies of scope exist whenever there are cost savings from using a resource in multiple activities carried out in combination rather than carrying out those activities independently (Baumol, panzer and willig, 1982). Also Economies of scope can arise in finance, by combing an industrial company with a financial services company; General electric lowers its cost of capital to both sides of the company. Also, Economies of scope arise not just from tangible input like a common R D department or a common distribution system but also from intangible assets like brand names and production know-how. For instance, general electric has the fourth most recognized brand in the world, worth almost $48 billion (Business week, 2009). While businesses within diversified firms can therefore be related in at least one of two ways: They could be related either because they share markets, distribution systems, product and process technologies, or manufacturing facilities (Ansoff 1965, Rumelt 1974, Teece 1980), or because they rely on common technologies, managerial capabilities and routines and repertoires (Prahalad/Bettis 1986, Kazanjian/Drazin 1987, Winter 1987, Grant 1988). The use of these assets may be transferable at negligible marginal costs. For instance, General electric shares of its activities like RD and Distribution channels across its wide range of businesses. Also, the companies engage in lots of transaction costs and its very complicated to manage such businesses but in the end they reap Benefits of high returns from their activities. 4.2.5 The incentives Top management expect as companies diversifies In Berkshire Hathaway, managers are paid modest salaries and also receive very significant cash bonuses if performance goals are achieved. Buffett tailors the compensation plan to each business, based on its economics and competitive positioning. Managers are compensated for elements of the business that are directly under their control (such as growth and profitability of insurance contracts). Major emphasis is placed on the capability to return free cash flow to headquarters. The company does not grant equity-based awards because their value cannot be as closely correlated to performance as can cash bonuses (meaning: In terms of value realized rather than expected value on the grant date). Still, cash bonuses can reach extreme levels-tens of millions for superior performance. So, Here the compensation have no relation with the size of the Company and thus it doesnt matter for Berkshire Hathaway whether they have many diversified business or not but the main focus is Achieving the targets and High performance is highly rewarded However, on the contrary, Buffett and his vice-President Munger receive humble compensation. Their salaries are set at $100,000. They receive no bonuses, options, or restricted grants. Instead, their economic incentive is driven by direct holdings of company stock which they purchased with their own money in the 1960s. As of year-end 2009, the values of those holdings were $40 billion of Buffett and $1.3 billion for Munger. Similarly, board members receive insignificant fees for their services and are encouraged to purchase substantial sums of company stock with their own money. To sum up, Berkshires top management performance has no direct influence to how diversify businesses may be, Instead each manager is rewarded for the excellent achievement of his area of control. On the other hand, General electrics CEO, Mr. Immelt earns higher salary than Warren Buffet. Immelts Base salary is $3,300,000 plus Bonuses. While the managers are rewarded on the basis of a guiding principle of compensation program which ensures that the management has in place the right metrics and incentives, applied over the appropriate performance periods. The company rewards consistent performance and discourage short-term-oriented behaviour that may yield a single period of good results without regard for proper risk management or the long-term health of the business. The committee uses a mix of compensation that balances rewards for current and long-term performance. Performance metrics include growth in earnings per share, revenue, and cash flow. Managers believe this is the best way to stimulate innovation and ensure solid execution, while guaranteeing that risks are recognized and managed appropriately over the long term. Although they have fine-tuned compensation programs as conditions change, the management believe it is important to maintain consistency in the compensation philosophy and approach. There is also a recognition that value-creating performance by an executive or group of executives does not always translate immediately into appreciation in GEs stock price, particularly in periods of severe economic stress. Nonetheless, General Electric continues to reward such performances based on the firms belief that, over time, true value creation does translate into stock price appreciation. 4.2.4 Risks associated with the strategy of diversification Buffett is also primarily responsible for enterprise risk management. Risk oversight is not delegated to a committee or risk management function. According to Buffett, I regard myself as the chief risk officer at Berkshire. ( Berkshire Hathaway, Annual meeting 20080 The companys primary tool to mitigate enterprise risk is the delegation of responsibility to managers with proven skill and integrity. Munger explains : A lot of people think if you just had more process and more compliance, you could create a better result in the world. Well, Berkshire has had practically no process. We had hardly any internal audit until they forced it on us. We just try to operate in a seamless web of deserved trust and be careful whom we trust. (Wesco Financial, annual meeting 2007). Due to the global economic crisis was the failure of many executives and businesses the ability to understand and adequately manage and price risk. At GE, the corporation has strategies and management processes that effectively manage risk and maximize opportunities across its many businesses. Its process includes long-term strategic planning, executive development and evaluation, regulatory and litigation compliance reviews, environmental compliance reviews, GE Capitals corporate risk function and GEs senior level Corporate Risk Committee. And as a result of the current financial crisis; GE expects that managing risk will be even more important to competitive advantage and long-term success. The corporations executive compensation program is designed to reward those executives who demonstrate an ability to assess and manage risk effectively. At the same time as over the past year, General electric leaders have demonstrated the ability to identify risks and adapt strategies in order to protect the Company. GE acted quickly to improve liquidity, raise capital, and transform the financial businesses. The company has also exited businesses with unacceptable rates of risk-adjusted return. Similarly, Berkshire Hathaway believe that it is important to continue to reward those who demonstrate this disciplined ability to protect the firm;s businesses, but its only appropriate that certain components of compensation will decline during periods of economic stress and reduced earnings. Both General Electric and Berkshire Hathaway, have techniques to spread risks and overcome challenges and thus their activities of diversified businesses. As it was explained earlier, Berkshires CEO considers himself as a chief risk officer and while the managers of both corporations have responsibilities in reducing the risks involved in the activities under their control. In addition, both General electric and Berkshire Hathaway fits in the Prospector strategy of Miles and Snow. Since both firms have highly diversified businesses. This is the most aggressive of all the four strategies. It typically involves active programs to expand into new markets and stimulate new opportunities. Innovative product development is vigorously pursued and attacks on competitors are a common way of obtaining additional market share. The both corporations have a way to respond quickly to any signs of market opportunity, and they do so with little research. A large proportion of their revenue comes from new products or new markets. They are often highly leveraged sometimes with a substantial equity position held by venture capitalists. The risk of product failure or market rejection is high with the prospector strategy. Their market domain is constantly in flux as new opportunities arise and past product offerings atrophy. They value being the first in an industry, thinking that their first mover advantage will provide them with premium pricing opportunities and high margins. Price skimming is a common way of recapturing the cost of development. General Electric and Berkshire Hathaway are known for being opportunistic in headhunting key employees, both technical and managerial. Thus this explains why both firms spend so much on advertising, sales promotion, and their personal selling costs are a high percentage of sales. Typically firms who fit in the prospector strategy are structured with each strategic business unit having considerable autonomy. With Berkshire Hathaway trusting responsibility of business performance entirely in the hands of local managers and General Electric decentralising decisions within each business units, Risks might be reduced. And Firms in these industries tend to be in the introduction or growth stage of their life cycle with few competitors and evolving technology which also provides opportunities such as less competition to both companies Products. Example of GE acquired firms includes Vivendi in 2009,(which is a French international media conglomerate with activities ranging from filming, publishing, telecommunication, music, television and it also have Internet, and video games. The acquired firm had financial troubles due to over-expansion in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. In addition, General electric acquire Vital Signs Inc. for US$860 million in 2008 (Appendix 6.2, GE timeline). The acquired firm makes disposable medical products used to help patients during surgery to breath. Berkshire acquired several companies the last 2-3 years, for instance: the company purchased 80 percent stake in Iscar Metalworking for $4 billion in 2006, which was the firms first purchase of a foreign subsidiary. Johns Manville Corp, a business unit of Berkshire Hathaway Inc acquired Corbond Corp, a manufacturer of polyurethane spray foam insulation products in august 2009.